Guided Reading Activity 7 3 Response to Crisis Absolutism Answers

Crisis & Absolutism Chapter 14

• Read about the following topics below. • Incorporate any relevant information, terms, and ideas. • Formulate 3 questions which pertain to each section. • • Complete the section review on a separate sheet of paper. Europe in Crisis: The War of Religion

• In groups of two discuss the homework from last night. • What did you learn? • What did you not understand? Homework Review!

Social Crisis, War, and Revolution

• 1600's economy starts to slow down • Spanish silver mines producing less • Loss of Jewish/Muslin artisans and merchants exiled • Population declining • Warfare, Plague, and Famine • Creation of social tensions Economic and Social Conflicts

• Witchcraft: belief in magic which was apart of traditional village culture for century • • Used as a scapegoat during era of social crisis Trials held against witches as hysteria grew Common people/poor 75% single or widowed women over 50 years old • Intense torture caused people to confess The Witchcraft Trials

• Open to page 459 • Read the "Printed Publication" on the Hammer of Witches • Answer the two questions which relate The Hammer of Witches

Causes • Religion played an important role • "Last of the religious wars" • Political/territorial motives as well • Holy Roman Empire • Catholics vs. Protestants • Soon Denmark, Sweden, France and Spain entered Effects • Major destruction of Holy Roman Empire (Germany) • Peace of Westphalia • Officially ends the war • Sweden becomes powerful in Baltic Sea • German states divided The Thirty Years War

• https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=n_L 1 QJbc 278 Thirty Year War

• Open to page 461 • Read all information and complete the organizer • Once completed grab the reading on the Glorious Revolution • Homework: Complete Packet for Friday Revolutions in England

Response to Crisis 14 -3

• Louis XIII: King of France at age 9 • Nobles not too happy about this • Threatened by the Huguenots • Cardinal Richelieu: Chief minister under Louis XIII • Strengthened the power of the monarchy • Stripped Huguenots of political and military rights • Set up network of spies • Louis XIV: King of France at age 4 • Cardinal Mazarin: Chief minister under Louis XIV • Crushed revolt by nobles Richelieu and Mazarin

• Absolutism: the ruler has total power. • Divine Right of Kings • Ability to make laws, collect taxes, administer justice, control officials, and determine foreign policy • Louis XIV: best example of absolutism in the 17 th century • French culture, language, and manners adopted by many Europeans • Court imitated as well France Under Louis XIV

• Cardinal Mazarin dies in 1661 • Louis XIV takes supreme power at age 23 • "up to this moment I have been pleased to entrust the government of my affairs to the late cardinal Mazarin. It is now time that I govern them myself. You [secretaries and ministers of state] will assist me with your counsels when I ask for them. I request and order you to seal no orders except by my command. I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport without my command; to render account to me personally each day and to favor no one" • Does Louis XIV sound self-assured or timid? Polite or rude? Serious or Frivolous? Louis the SUN KING

• Open to page 465 • Read the excerpt • Answer questions 1 -2 in your notes DBQ Louis XIV and Absolutism

• Versailles: Royal palace where government/court was located • Kept nobles preoccupied at royal court • Louis XIV • Consolidated power • Strengthened his role • Head of foreign policy, church, and taxes • Desired religious harmony • Anti-Protestant Policy Government and Religion

• Building palaces, maintaining a happy court, and pursuing wars costs a lot of money! • Finances very important to Louis XIV • Jean-Baptiste Colbert: controller-general of finances for France • • Increase France's wealth through mercantilism Decrease imports/increase exports (tariffs) Subsidies for emerging industries Building roads and canals The Economy

• France left with a huge debt! • Enemies surround France • "Soon you will be King of a great kingdom… try to remain at peace with your neighbors. I loved war too much. Do not follow me in that or in overspending… lighten your people's burden as soon as possible, and do what I have had the misfortune not to do myself" Legacy of Louis XIV

• History of Versailles • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Xx. Iz. Mr 2 Ekpo • http: //paris. arounder. com/en/historic-building/chateau-deversailles Videos

• Frederick William the Great Elector: laid the foundation for the Prussian state. • Built a large and efficient standing army • 40, 000 men 4 th largest in Europe • Set up the General War Commissariat • Levy taxes and oversee growth • Used to govern the new state The Emergence of Prussia

• Austrian Hapsburgs: royal family who played a significant role in the politics of the Holy Roman Empire as Emperors • After Thirty Years War, dream of creating a unified German empire died • Establish control in eastern and southeastern Europe • Present day Austria, Czech Republic, and Hungary • Unable to establish a highly centralized absolutist state • Made up of too many nationalities • What effect do you think the lack of a strong central government among many nationalities will have on the Austrian Empire? The New Austrian Empire

• Ivan IV: 16 th century prince who unified the Russian state. • Czar: Ivan was given this title which means Caesar • Expanded territories of Russia eastward • Hoped to crush the power of the boyars: Russian nobility • Ruthless leader, stabbed his own son in a heated argument • Dynasty ends in 1598 • Time of Troubles: period of anarchy • Michael Romanov: Next Czar of Russia in 1613 whose dynasty would last until 1917 (300 year reign) • Monarchy established under the Zemsky Sobor: National assembly Leaders of Russia

• Peter the Great: One of the most prominent czar who took leadership in 1689. • Absolute Monarch who claimed divine right to rule • Determined to westernize, or Europeanize Russia • Borrow European Technology • Modernization of the army/navy • Bring western Ideas to Russia Peter the Great

• Peter Visits the west • Brings Western customs, practices, and manners to Russia • Men should shave their beards/shorten their coats • Women should remove their traditional face covering veils and move out into society • "open window to the west" • • Port with ready access to Europe Baltic Sea is the most likely option Long war with Sweden for control in the area St. Petersburg: base of the Russian navy and a window to the west. This becomes the official capital of the empire Cultural Changes and a New Capital

• https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=HIRTMxxo. C 4 o&nor edirect=1

• Military • Used Russian and Western officers • Drafted peasants for 25 years of service • Built a standing army of 210, 000 soldiers • Government • Divided Russia into provinces • "Police State" • Well ordered community governed by law Military and Governmental Changes

• https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=q. Sn_0 t. BD_l. E Ivan the Terrible

The World of European Culture

• Mannerism: a new art form which emerged after the Renaissance which ignored Renaissance proportions and portrayed suffering, heightened emotions, and religious upheaval • El Greco: "The Greek" individual who used mannerism and expressed the ideas of religious upheaval of the Reformation Mannerism

• Baroque Period: new movement which replaced Mannerism. Tried to bring classical ideals of Renaissance Art and spiritual feeling of religious revival. • Richly detailed art and architecture • Reflected a search for power • Madrid, Prague, Vienna, and Brussels • Gian Lorenzo Bernini: greatest figure of this period who completed St. Peters Basilica • Throne of St. Peter The Baroque Period

• Elizabethan Era: A cultural literary flowering which took place in England in the late 16 th and early 17 th century • Drama becomes best representation • William Shakespeare: "complete man of theater" writer, actor, and shareholder in the chief theater company, Lord Chamberlain's Men. • • • Seen as a universal genius Master of the English Language Wrote sonnets Wrote tragedies and comedies Understanding of the human condition England's Shakespeare

• Miguel de Cervantes: writer of the novel Don Quixote hailed as one of the greatest literary works of all time. • Portrayed the balance of visionary dreams and the hard work of reality • These two are necessary to the human condition • Lope de Vega: play writer who wrote about 1, 500 plays • Plays are witty, charming, action-packed, and realistic Spain's Cervantes/ Vega

• 17 th century concerns with order and power were reflected in the political thought of the time period. • Thomas Hobbes • John Locke • Both present different responses • How can war and revolution impact the political thinking of the time period? Explain. Political Thought

• Thomas Hobbes: alarmed by the revolutionary upheaval, wrote Leviathan which supported the idea of absolute power of the ruler to maintain order in society • before society was organized, human life was • "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" • Humans not guided by moral and reason, but by self-preservation • Need to have a state which was headed by an absolute ruler with unlimited power • This would stop rebellion and disorder Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke: took a different perspective about absolute power. Wrote Two Treaties of Government which described how government are formed and what justified them. • Before society was organized, people lived in a state of equality and freedom • Natural Rights: rights which people are born with such as Life, Liberty, and Property • Agreed that to protect these rights you needed a government • Mutual obligations • Government protects your rights=you respect the government • If the government violated their end of the deal, people were in their right to remove or alter this government (form a new government) • How did the idea of John Locke impact the American Revolution? John Locke

Guided Reading Activity 7 3 Response to Crisis Absolutism Answers

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